A política de resíduos sólidos: a perspectiva jurídico-econômica-ambiental

Abstract

The current social model introduces concern with the collapse of the Earth faced with the mass consumption motivated by passions, with the consequent unrestrained use of natural resources and the premature disposal of goods which become part of the category "junk". The problems of solid waste achieve world repercussion, arousing in Brazil the urge to organize a nationwide policy (federal, state and municipal), able to involve all actors (public authorities, private sector and consumer) and that have as purpose to allow, on one hand, minimize the use of natural resources in the production process and, on the other, reduce the generation of solid waste and the environmental impacts of these. From the analysis of some economic thinking influenced by the Right and by the vision of environment protection, it is possible to highlight mechanisms for tackling the environmental crisis through the internalization of externalities, i.e., of costs or benefits external to the market that fall onto third parties and not on the unit that has generated them. The National Solid Waste Policy aims to solve or mitigate these impacts. Through the application of the polluter-pays principle, it requires the internalization of both negative and positive externalities resulting from the environmentally appropriate management of solid waste. And, to achieve this and other of its goals, reinforces control instruments and economic instruments. This research analyses, from a macro perspective, as the Brazilian Solid Waste Policy is structured in order to achieve its objectives of supporting sustainable development, founded on a responsive policy for solid waste management so that solid waste can be considered useful and profitable goods, thus avoiding the misusage of natural resources and the ever-increasing enddisposal associated with disruptive environment impact