Universalização do acesso ao SUS: contribuições investigativas do serviço social a partir do município de Barueri-SP

Abstract

The National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) has completed more than two decades in 2012, bringing in its history the contradictions and inequalities of Brazilian society, expressed mainly by the lack of access to goods and services produced collectively, but unequally appropriate, of the which highlight the universal access to health . There is a reality that pushes the Brazilian population to obtain access to health care wherever possible , not respecting the proposal of health care model of health policy that advocates the Basic Health Units (Unidades Básicas de Saúde - UBS) as the gateway for the system (ALMEIDA et al., 2002; ROCHA, 2005; SIMONS, 2008; JESUS and ASSIS, 2010). In everyday practice, it is significant the demand of the users for urgent and emergency services as a gateway to the health system (CECÍLIO, 1997). We adopt as central categories of analysis health in its multiple dimensions approached and understood as a result of the conditions of life and work; and "access" as a central category of analysis of social policies, conceptualized as the result of the effective availability, accessibility, acceptability and accommodation of health services (PENCHANSKY and THOMAS, 1981), such that they can guarantee full attendance, articulated and continued to the users. The purpose of this study was: to analyze the universal access to health, taking as the empirical field the Adult Emergency Care Center in the city of Barueri. In the systematic observation of the health care professionals, there is a perception that the users are seeking the emergency services and emergency inappropriately. We started from the hypothesis that, in view of users, the UBS s do not are the only entrance to the health system, may be appealed to emergency services and emergency according with their care needs. Methodology: bibliographical and documentary research; questionnaire applied to a sample of the systematic type - to 100 users of the Adult Emergency Care Center Barueri, in a typical week; and semi structured interviews with coordination of the service. Results: The study revealed that only 7% of demands that arrived at the Adult Emergency Care Center Barueri were not relevant to that level of attention. On the other hand, a significant portion of users believes that the demand for primary care should occur only when if needs, not considering the idea of continuity and longitudinality of care on this level