Relações sociais para superação da violência no cotidiano escolar e processos formativos de professores

Abstract

This study is characterized as an intervention research that had as focus violence in the schools. It is common that, in discussions on violence, the biological aspects are emphasized, printing in it an inatist character. We defend, however, the thesis that violence is not innate in the individuals, that they appropriate themselves of violent forms of relationship in the development process. Therefore, the school and the teachers, that play the basic role of mediators in the construction of the process of sociability of the individuals, can contribute in the construction of relations that do without violence. For the accomplishment of this work, we used the theoretical contributions of the dialectical and historical materialism, historical and cultural Psychology and the theory of the daily life of Agnes Heller. We investigated, by means of questionnaires, interviews and group processes, the following aspects: 1 -) the reality of violence in schools and its implications in the daily activity of the teacher; 2 -) the concept of violence underlying teacher s practices; 3 -) how the teachers think that people learn (if they learn) to relate by means of violence; and 4 -) which conceptions of development were underlying to the representation they had of violence. The intervention carried through during the development of this research, related to the process of continued formation of teachers, had as objective to offer theoretical-methodological subsidies to assist them in overcoming the daily-life representations of violence, in direction to a critical concept that contributed for confrontation, in the scope of the teacher s activity, of the situations permeated by the use of violence. In the group processes, it was possible to face many of the immediate questions in relation to violence in the school. However, for the construction of social relations in schools that do without the use of violence, it becomes necessary to develop formative actions to all the actors of the school: teachers, students, parents, direction, employees, and external agents: family, community agents, etc. In the research process, it was confirmed that teachers bore concepts of violence based on inatist or religious perspectives, that made it impossible for them to face it, even in those situations where we could intervene. One concludes, also, that it is possible to extend the limits of understanding of the phenomenon of violence by means of the appropriation of scientific knowledge that show that violence is historically and socially conditioned, or either: men, in its relations, are the ones who determine its use and reach. We observed that, in the path in direction to the abolition of violence, we will face the need to overcome alienation, given that, objectively, is has its roots in the economic and social structure and is not, therefore, a metaphysical entity. This work presented a concrete contribution of researchers, research assistants, professors, school board, family members and students who think it is possible to do without the use of the violence in the school and social relations