É doce morrer no mar? análise psicossocial do ingenium da pesca artesanal

Abstract

This thesis deals with the possibilities and challenges posed to psychological praxis in contexts of social inequality. We choose the psychosocial dynamics that organize the life of communities of artisanal fishermen, especially those expressed in situations of social and environmental conflicts, as an analytical field of the conformation of a particular way of life and direct our analysis to the possible means of transformation of social relations that promote suffering of ethical-political nature. In this perspective, our main objective is the collective creation of ways for the socio-political strengthening of these human groups, historically threatened, exploited, plundered and, therefore, subjected to situations that prevents them from expanding their potency of life, put them into servitude and that can only be surpassed in the sphere of the common. We propose as an analytical unit of psychosocial dimension ingenium thought from the concept of Espinosa which points to the organization of a psychosocial unit, always updated in the encounters, based on the production of affection, imagination and customs. This unit is responsible for the sociopolitical and affective settings of the different ways of life and the basis for politics. We took as a research subject, two communities of artisanal fishermen, in a comparative study anchored in Participation-Action Research, taking as main research instruments the experience in communities, recorded in field diaries, semi-structured interviews and social cartography. Our analyzes were based on the signification (re) affirmed in the narratives and experiences and showed us that: i) socio-environmental conflicts contribute in an effective way to the configuration of ingeniuns organized around negative affections inducing psychic suffering and that collaborate for the maintenance of the weak political power of these groups; ii) these same affections, however, may (re) reproduce spaces of resistance and transformation of the relations of power, for this, from the psychosocial point of view, it is necessary to overcome the ingeniuns (crystalized in the customs) from their own laws ; iii) this process needs to be filled by the feeling of the common and more powerful affection in order to ensure the improvement of sociopolitical and affective relations. Finally, our analysis pointed to artisanal work as a territory of common affection that can further enhance this process of overcoming, since it is based on ethics-aesthetics of art radically oriented by the idea of freedom and in the case of artisanal fishermen is expressed as resistance to alienated work; feeds more symmetrical networks of sociability and a logic of preservation of the natural cycles of life that does not allow a complete differentiation between man and nature