Um estudo psicanalítico sobre o trauma e o sofrimento psíquico em situação de violência

Abstract

Currently, we experience several extremely violent scenarios that reach the most vulnerable portion of the population, who lives in the outskirts of the big cities. Thisresearch has as its objective to deepen the theoretical investigation on trauma in a situation of extreme violence, which implies reviewing the technical devices from the field of knowledge of psychoanalysis. It is from the field of knowledge that the analyst uses the clinical devices, such as listening, floating attention, free association, transference, interpretation, among others, in order to comprehend the psychological dynamics of the subjects who have experienced trauma, those who feel vulnerable and helpless. Within this context, we ask ourselves: what is trauma? Which psychic processes are part of it? How does the recurrence of traumatic affection manifest itself in clinic? What are the psychoanalytical devices that we can use? The perception is that we are sailing in troubled waters within the clinic, where the analysis of these patients shows us that theory and practice need to be reviewed. It is in the context of the clinic that a space is opened for the individual to talk about his or her trauma–it is understood that the subject, by suffering from violence, sees him or herself invaded in all psychic spaces for the excess of intolerable pulsional energy directed to ‘Me’, whose exaggeration derives from lived experiences by the individual with the external world. The therapeutic space is the place of the reunion between the subjects, the one that takes care, and the one who is taken care of. This clinical model is not the one from the excluded, the less favoured classes, the oppressed, the ones from anywhere –but a space of reception of different subjects. In order to illustrate this research, we resorted to the method of case fragment, which is considered one of the most ancient methods used in human and social science, not only in clinical practice but also in research. The first fragment refers to Antígona, mother, human rights militant who had her son killed by a State’s agent; the second, Iolaos, boy, sexually abused by his neighbour Prócusto. It is at the light of Ferenczi’s theory and other contemporary authors that we will analyse this psychic functioning manner founded in the divide mechanism. The clinical services seek to give a new meaning to the perception of trauma and its subjective repercussions unleashed in the subject’s life, generating pulsional motions that are repeated, relived and that manifest themselves in the form of psychic suffering, with representations that need to be symbolized