Escola, criança favelada e processos de socialização: estudo sobre padrões de socialização no ambiente familiar e na escola

Abstract

The objective of this study, which was accomplished in 2008, was to analyze the social conducts of students that live in slums as well the actions and reactions of school toward these conducts, and considering an attempt to identify similarities and differences among students whose families, even living in the slums, belong to distinct social positions. Even though the economic and social conditions of these children were quite similar, the hypothesis that guided this research was that the social conducts displayed by the slum kids express a not so evident, but current, hierarchy of social positions that make them different of each other and that the social patterns considered by their teachers reinforce this hierarchy. To analyze the conduct patterns which slum children put in action in their home environment and their school, it was used the theoretical contribution of Pierre Bourdieu (1988), specifically the one that refers to the concepts of cultural capital and habitus. The main procedure was the systematical observation of the natural behavior (Selltiz; Wrightsman; Cook, 1987) of children s conduct patterns in different moments in their home lives, neighborhood and school. This was based in seven indicators: 1) moral conduct patterns; 2) material conditions; 3) food patterns; 4) hygienic patterns; 5) clothing patterns; 6) use and control of social spaces; 7) transgression to the rules and its consequences. Were selected three female students and three male students from a public school, which is located in the south area of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, whose the majority of students lives in the slums that belong to this region. The main finding was related to a king of homology among the school social conditions and practices toward children whose families have higher social position , although one of them was able to break this vicious circle and, even being the poorest, also present a good scholar progress and a relative school acceptation