Alta hospitalar: práticas educativas em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Abstract

The hospital Discharge in a NITU must be planned and evaluated by all the staff evolved in the child and the mother care, who, after coming to the conclusion that they are prepared, determine the hospital discharge date. Professionals working in the NITU need to be prepared for dialogue with family, always looking for a horizontal dialogic practice between work and family. Health education appears as a tool to transform professional practice, giving the assistance and care characteristics of critical and creative activity. Therefore, this study aimed to describe how the multidisciplinary team working in direct care with preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit of Hospital Santa Lucinda, Sorocaba (SP) performs the hospital discharge guidelines. It is, then, an exploratory, descriptive study of qualitative-quantitative approach. The study included 36 professionals who answered a self-administered instrument developed by the researcher, with open and closed questions, composed of 22 items divided into three dimensions on educational activities for hospital discharge: characterization of professionals; educational actions and perceptions. In general, participants use dialogue and demonstration, the most used feature is the vaccination card and the most discussed topics are breastfeeding, hygiene, vaccination and follow-up. The most cited facilitating factors were: maternal presence in the NITU, maternal involvement, use of folder and booklets, bond with the family, the multidisciplinary team performance and personal improvement. The most frequently mentioned hindering aspects were not participatory mother, mother of cognitive difficulty, lack of staff training, standardization of guidelines and educational material the need for educational materials, the mother's resistance to participate in the care, the lack of preparation. Most of the team believes that mothers come prepared to care for the newborn in the household, and these are also satisfied with the guidelines they perform. The guidelines are performed mechanical way into the work process, are segmented and there is no consensus among professionals on the subject, content, strategy and evaluation. Although education is embedded in the daily activities within the NITU, this is reproduced as a service task without the questioning of those who do and those who receive it. Thus, there is the need of education for the multidisciplinary team, seeking the preparation and greater integration between professionals beyond the availability of funds for such practices