As organizações criminosas como poder paralelo decorrente da hipossuficiência e violência estatal no Brasil

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the governance role exercised by criminal factions in Brazil, with attention to the historical and social accumulation of violence that permeates marginalized environments, as well as the systems of mutual protection and organization that emerge in response to such conditions. In this context, organized crime reveals a structural reinvention in territories where state presence proves to be weak or insufficient, such that the precariousness of public services — including education, healthcare, public security, and leisure — creates fertile ground for the consolidation of criminal subjugation. These organizations, therefore, operate as parallel power structures, occupying the voids left by the State. Consequently, the absence — or worse, the violent presence — of state apparatus allows them to assume the provision of basic services, thereby enabling the imposition of their own normative order. Moreover, the lack of social inclusion policies, access to education, and opportunities for dignified employment contributes to the perpetuation of marginalization and social entrapment. Thus, this research seeks to understand how the absence of fundamental guarantees — and, in many cases, of the State itself — contributes to the strengthening of criminal factions, which come to offer means of subsistence and prospects for social mobility, albeit within the context of illegality, precisely where such elements are scarce or nonexistent