Teoria de intervenção práxica da enfermagem em saúde coletiva: avaliação de um instrumento para classificação de grupos sociais homogêneos na estratégia de saúde da família

Abstract

Introduction: Nursing, as a science, adopts theories to theoretically and methodologically guide healthcare workers. Thus, historically, as the concept of health and illness expanded as something socially, objectively, and historically determined, the Theory of Praxical Intervention in Community Health Nursing emerged in a distinctive way, prioritizing the collective while not forgetting individuality. When applied in Primary Health Care, it revealed potential in developing critical awareness, shared responsibility, and the importance of collective work. Objective: To evaluate a data collection instrument for classifying homogeneous social groups in the Family Health Strategy, based on the Theory of Praxical Intervention in Community Health Nursing. Methods: An exploratory descriptive methodological study with a quantitative and qualitative approach was conducted in two Family Health Strategy units in the cities of Sorocaba and Votorantim, São Paulo. It involved experts, healthcare professionals, and users, with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The steps included theoretical review, evaluation by experts, and data analysis using the Content Validity Index and psychometric criteria of Pasquali to create the instrument. It also involved quantitative data analysis using the methodological technology proposed by Salum and Queiroz, as well as qualitative analysis of the professionals' discourses using Bardin's Content Analysis technique. Results: The instrument was validated in terms of content and appearance. Homogeneous social groups were successfully characterized. The feedback from the professionals varied, with some finding it clear and useful, while others considered it lengthy and invasive. It is suggested to make it shorter and more focused to optimize the application time, with a focus on essential information to improve care. Final considerations: Data collection plays a critical role in understanding objective reality and planning actions but should be balanced with respect for the privacy and sensitivity of the subjects. It is acknowledged that no instrument can capture all the variations resulting from the diversity of healthcare practices, but it can be used as an example of possible instrumentalization for the operationalization of such a theory