Construção, perda e reconstrução: a localização da psicose maníaco-depressiva no eixo neurose-psicose em Sigmund Freud, Karl Abraham à Melanie Klein

Abstract

The present work explored, from a conceptual and historical research with Psychoanalysis as a theoretical reference, the location of melancholy and mania within the neurosis-psychosis axis in Sigmund Freud, Karl Abraham and Melanie Klein. The methodology consisted of a bibliographic review of the critical fortune concerning the theories, from which it was possible to present the historical and clinical origin of the researched concepts. In a first moment, the first and second Freudian theories, as was the understanding of transference in cases of neurosis and psychosis, the need for the creation of a narcissistic neurosis category and the author's conception of melancholy and mania were resumed. Then, Karl Abraham’s theoretical contributions to the theory of libido development and, in this field, the differentiation of neurosis and psychosis were presented, as well as the understanding of manic-depressive psychosis as belonging to the field of psychoses. Later on, Melanie Klein's theory of positions was introduced, as well as the understanding of the categories of neurosis and psychosis from this theory of mental functioning and the genesis of manic-depressive psychosis and its classification as psychosis. Finally, it was sought to present the understanding and articulation between such concepts in the thinking of the authors involved. It was concluded that the divergences found are located in the bases of each theoretical point of view and reflect in the conception of neurosis, psychosis, mania and melancholia, as well as in the understanding about the possibility (or not) of psychoanalytic treatment for manic-depressive psychosis