Espaços retraçados, questões redefinidas sobre o sertão e o sertão do Piauí no pensamento brasileiro e regionalista

Abstract

The study brings together ideas and themes about the sertão and the sertão of Piaui, in particular, and the way in which these ideas and themes were assimilated and transfigured in two perspectives that presented the problematic of the hinterland and the hinterland of Piaui, accompanied or in opposition to them: in Brazilian thought, by authors and works identified as pioneering writers, pioneers or modern mythologists; and in regionalist thinking, by the authors and works identified as from the provinces, from the northeastern school. The two perspectives engaged and interpenetrated to better clarify what was the interior, the provinces, the hinterland and the hinterland of Piauí in the Brazilian socio-cultural formation. Thus, the novel and the essay became the most expressive supports for the production and exposure of knowledge during this formation process, specifically, in the period that stretches from the middle of the 19th century up to a little after 1945. In order to evaluate the processes and practices listed in this study, the notion of “training and system” by Antonio Candido (2000) was used. Thus, we seek to identify how the Sertão and the Sertão of Piaui, in particular, were addressed in the works, who the authors were, what the main ideas and themes were, the production conditions, the type of product, the style of the narrative, the exhibition techniques, to whom and how it was addressed, the exhibition spaces - press, publishers, bookstores, conferences, institutes, academies -, the theoretical and methodological influences. From the ideas and themes treated, it was identified that the house, the landscape, the cowboy, the farm, the chapel, the sailor, the pioneers, the sertanistas, the sertanejos, the race, the region and the culture dominated the thought of the scholars, becoming the subject of our research. The chronological limits and the title of this study is a tribute to the sertão of Piauí, whose spatial and temporal aspect was expanded, to establish comparisons, contrasts and interpenetrations between the two perspectives. Finally, it is a study, or a series of studies, on a broad theme, which seeks to establish connections between authors and works from different places, themes, ideas, periods, currents, trends or schools of Brazilian and regionalist thought