Gambiarra como processo: uma antropofagia latino-americana

Abstract

Gambiarra (kludge), in this work, corresponds to daily improvements, occurs through deviations in its functions and uses, through gestures or objects. This practice is understood in its complexity as part of the cultural processes of society, understanding it broadly, also encompassing the thought that it’s constituted. The research clipping focuses on Latin America. The hypothesis is that some specificities of these Latin American societies, such as a relational ability to draw relationships between distant cultural elements, it creates a favorable environment for the development of practices such as kludge. Research’s corpus consists of a set of examples of kludges, most of it presented by photographs, many are Cao Guimarães’s artistic works. This theoretical study uses bibliographical and documentary methods, aiming to analyze kludge to understand culture through its objects. The theoretical framework is based on semiotics of culture, and it consists of Yuri Lotman, Semiosphere I, through which a reflection on the communication between systems is developed, and the Russian formalist Yuri Tinianov, together with Amálio Pinheiro, with the ideas of cultural series. Thus, the modes of interaction between cultural series are understood as communication between systems, which occurs in the junctions of different elements in the composition of a kludge. In addition to the theoretical framework Pinheiro's studies on Latin America , especially the theory of mixture - along with other authors - that allows to look at the multiplicity within the plural composition of culture in these societies: Oswald de Andrade, with the concept of anthropophagy in the cultural field; Viveiros de Castro, with the notion of incorporation brought from the anthropophagic rituals of the Tupinambás; as well as design scholars such as Ernesto Oroza and Rodrigo Boufleur, among others. The relevance of the investigation lies in the fact that operations like these are a trend in these societies, even though they are marginalized common practices. This research becomes useful in the academic field due to the need for further debate about such a common practice in everyday life. And by dealing with an everyday object, it can also generate benefits in practical life. Paying attention to the cultural processes of Latin America opens readings for a better understanding of these communities. Reflecting on the practices of kludges makes it possible to understand in their gestures and compositions the power before and beyond the imposed normativity. Kludge relates to the order of small and simple everyday events, as well as the deviations and renewals of major impact on social life. More than deviating from standards and making life easier, kludge can provide a constant reinvention of new possibilities