O fim das metanarrativas à luz da teoria da hegemonia em Antonio Gramsci

Abstract

In the first half of the twentieth century, Gramsci deepened the question of strategy for proletarian political action in the class struggle against capital, finding an important contribution to the philosophy of praxis in Antonio Labriola, theorist and Italian socialist militant who reflected on the relationship between theory and practice in Marxist philosophy. Gramsci adopts A. Labriola's thesis on the self-sufficiency of Marxism, translating it as "absolute historicism" and considers Marxism itself as an ideology with special characteristics in that it "criticizes itself" and belongs to the "realm of necessity". and not "of freedom". However, it goes beyond Labriola's precepts, introducing the category of hegemony in the philosophy of praxis. Deepening it, it develops it through a list of related categories focused on strategy in the class struggle, based on the paradigm of universalizing the interest of the working class in capitalist society, made increasingly complex by the industrial revolution. In the 1980s, the postmodern appropriation of the theory of hegemony took place. The reference adopted to criticize this appropriation is the work of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy - Towards a Radical Democratic Policy, where the concept of universalization of the particular is preserved while rejecting the centrality of the working class in society. struggle for socialism. They developed this perspective in other works punctually also analyzed here. The present thesis shows the regressive character of the postmodern appropriation of the category of hegemony that adopts its own metanarrative of radical and plural democracy as the end of metanarratives and disregards the centrality of labor relations to construct a socialist strategy