Formação política em saúde: evidências, reconceituações, desafios e ressignificações

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to review the concept of political education used in health studies and to understand the reconstruction of the 'political' by health professionals in a process of political formation. Methodology: This study was divided in two methodological stages: the first one was a theoretical integrative revision of the concept of political education and the theoretical-educational elements that support this concept in the studies. The Bireme and PubMED portals and the Web of Science, SCOPUS databases were developed in English, Portuguese and Spanish, with no publication date limitation. In the second stage, it was a qualitative approach, through an analysis of the content of the responses of 5 classes of health workers attending a Political Training in Health, held at the Paulista Association of Public Health (APSP), which is archived in the document of the Course Overall Assessment. In these documents, the students' perceptions about 'the politician' were identified in three dimensions: their reconceptions about the 'political', the challenges they perceive of the politician in public health, and their re-significations about the 'political'. Results: In the first step, most of the included articles (17) were indexed in Bireme (65.4%) and 61.5% (16) present the concept of political education. Majority, the conception of political education in health is associated with the idea of citizenship and contradictorily works with the critical perspectives of education. In the second, on the reconceptualizations about the 'political', the most frequent category was "They realized that actions in the context of health and Collective Health are political" 13% (20); on the challenges they perceive of the politician in public health, the workers referred mainly to the fact that they "better understand the influence of capital on public health" 16,39% (20). On the re-significations about the 'politician', Axis 1, whose triggering question was "Public Policy is Politics? Where is the SUS?" was considered by class 2 (20.8%), 3 (38.4%) and 4 (23.0%) as the most significant content. Conclusion: There is a mismatch between scientific production and Brazilian reality, requiring a critical political formation for universities beyond the university and epistemic discipline of the health area