Pecado Original: uma herança agostiniana?: o tema da falta das origens e suas consequências

Abstract

This study intends to work up the origins fault topic and its consequences to human nature, which will be called in the 5th century Original Sin by Saint Augustine, directly in reference to Adam s sin. However, before dealing with Adam s sin, as related in Judeo-Christian Holy Writ, aiming at answering the question that names this dissertation Original Sin: an Augustinian inheritance? , it seemed advisable to increase research field, although moderately. So the possibility of finding the idea of origins fault in other traditions is considered, as related in the Book of Genesis. As a result, before entering the biblical narration about Adam s and Eve s sin, this research studies other myths, namely: Prometheus s and Pandora s myth; Zoroastrian Myth on the world creation. After analyzing the above mentioned myths, the study focuses on the biblical narration about Adam s and Eve s sin and its interpretation by Paul the Apostle and by Church Fathers, who had in Saint Augustine s thought their theological systemization under construction about Adam s sin. A systemization that takes place mainly because of Pelagian controversy, which denied human nature s defectibility attributed to the first parents sin, called by Augustine original sin . Finally, the influence of Augustinian thought concerning the original sin in the Church will be studied; the first definitions; Augustinian thought through two great Scholastic theologians: Anselm of Canterbury and Thomas Aquinas; the Council of Trent and the dogmatic definition to all the Church about the original sin, based on Augustine s thought; the relation between two dogmas: Original Sin and Immaculate Conception; the concept of original sin in face of new scientific discovers and of the Second Vatican Council. Thus this study intends to ponderate the concept of original sin not properly as an Augustinian idea, but an idea that is part of human thought, because when asking about the existing goods in the created reality, it is asked also about evil existence